Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data were fit with an un-binned maximum likelihood method to search for the appearance of tau leptons resulting from the interactions of oscillation-generated tau neutrinos in the detector. Relative to the expectation of unity, the tau normalization is found to be $1.42 \pm 0.35 \ (stat)^{+0.14}_{-0.12}\ (sys) $ excluding the no-tau-appearance hypothesis, for which the normalization would be zero, at the 3.8$\sigma$ level. We estimate that $180.1 \pm 44.3\ (stat)^{+17.8}_{-15.2}\ (sys)$ tau leptons were produced in the fiducial volume of the detector by tau neutrinos during the running period, compared to an expectation of $120.2^{+34.2}_{-34.8}\ (sys)$ events.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0328
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